Cindy Bogorad and Latif Nurani presented “Primary Frequency Response: Challenges of a Changing Resource Mix,” which discussed the reliability, economic, and regulatory challenges of addressing the impact of the changing resource mix on primary frequency response. Their program addressed the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s exercise of its Federal Power Act Section 215 and 205/206 jurisdiction and the potential for its expansion through FERC v. EPSA’s “directly affected” language.